offshore voluntary disclosure lawyers Minneapolis

Swiss Bank Program Penalties Bring More than $1 Billion

On December 23, 2015, as US Department of Justice (DOJ) announced that it reached resolutions with Bank J. Safra Sarasin AG, Coutts & Co Ltd, Gonet & Cie and Banque Cantonal du Valais, it also announced that Swiss Bank Program Penalties reached a landmark – more than $1 Billion. At that time, in addition to Swiss Bank Program Penalties, DOJ also reached agreements with 75 Swiss Banks.

As a reminder to readers, the DOJ Swiss Bank Program was announced by DOJ on August 29, 2013 (per agreement with Swiss government). The Program provides a framework for Swiss Banks to resolve their US tax issues (or “cross-border criminal tax violations”) in exchange for information about the Banks’ US accountholders and, for Category 2 banks, Swiss Bank Program Penalties.

Moreover, according to the terms of the non-prosecution agreements signed by Swiss banks under the Program, Swiss Banks agree to cooperate in any related criminal and civil proceedings, show that the Banks implemented controls to avoid future misconduct with respect to US-held accounts.

While the percentages of Swiss Bank Program Penalties are firmly established, under the terms of the Program, the banks are allowed to mitigate their Swiss Bank Program Penalties if they can show that their US accountholders are either in compliance with their US tax obligations or they entered the IRS Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program (and, later, Streamlined Procedures).

It should be noted that more Swiss banks reached resolutions with DOJ under the Program since December 23, 2015. This means that the DOJ has already collected even more Swiss Bank Program Penalties.

These resolutions under the Program concern not only Swiss Banks and Swiss Bank Program Penalties, but they also have direct relevance to US owners of undeclared Swiss bank accounts. Two major consequences arise for US taxpayers with undisclosed accounts from their Swiss Bank participation in the Program. First, there is a direct impact of information exchange between the participating Bank and the IRS which may lead to the discovery of the undisclosed accounts by US tax authorities. The subsequent IRS investigation is likely to render any future participation of the taxpayer in the OVDP impossible.

Second, if the participating bank reaches resolution and pays its Swiss Bank Program Penalties to the DOJ before the taxpayer enters OVDP (or, more precisely, files the Preclearance Request), the OVDP penalty on all (not just the taxpayer’s accounts in the participating Bank’s) of the taxpayer’s accounts will jump to 50% (from the normal 27.5%).

Contact Sherayzen Law Office for Help With Your Undisclosed Foreign Accounts

If you have undisclosed foreign accounts or any other foreign assets, you should contact Sherayzen Law Office as soon as possible. Our experienced legal team has helped hundreds of US taxpayers around the world and we can help you!

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Finter Bank Zurich AG Reaches Resolution with US DOJ

On May 15, 2015, Finter Bank Zurich AG (Finter Bank) became the third Swiss bank to sign a Non-Prosecution Agreement with US DOJ according to the terms of the DOJ Program for Swiss Banks.

DOJ Program for Swiss Banks

On August 29, 2013, the DOJ announced the creation of the “The Program for Non-Prosecution Agreements or Non-Target Letters for Swiss Banks (Program)” with the goal or creating a voluntary disclosure program for Swiss banks. Under the Program, the Swiss banks would prove DOJ with detailed description of specified activities with respect to US-owned accounts as well as the identification of all accounts held by US persons at any point since August of 2008. In exchange, the Program promised Swiss banks an opportunity to forever resolve their past US non-compliance issues (including criminal illegal activities) with respect to US-held accounts. For Category 2 banks, the Program also imposed various penalty requirements. The banks already under criminal investigation related to their Swiss-banking activities and all individuals were expressly excluded from the program.

Finter Bank timely entered the Program and payed the required penalties. This is why it became the third Swiss bank to resolve its issues under the Program.

Finter Bank Background

Finter Bank was founded in 1958 in Chiasso, Switzerland, and has a branch office in Lugano, Switzerland. Since August 1, 2008, Finter Bank has maintained 283 U.S.-related accounts with an aggregate maximum balance of approximately $235 million.

Since its establishment and continuing through at least October 2011, Finter Bank, through its managers, employees and others, aided and assisted U.S. clients in opening and maintaining undeclared accounts in Switzerland and concealing the assets and income they held in these accounts from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). After August 2008, when Swiss bank UBS AG publicly announced that it was the target of a criminal investigation by U.S. tax authorities, Finter Bank accepted accounts from U.S. persons exiting other Swiss banks.

Finter Bank provided services that allowed U.S. clients to eliminate the paper trail associated with the undeclared assets and income, including “hold mail” services and numbered and coded accounts. In addition, Finter Bank assisted clients in using sham entities as nominee beneficial owners of undeclared accounts, solicited Forms W-8BEN that falsely stated under penalties of perjury that the sham entities beneficially owned the assets in the undeclared accounts, and provided cash cards and credits cards linked to the undeclared accounts.

Finter Bank Non-Prosecution Agreement

According to the terms of the non-prosecution agreement signed on May 15, Finter Bank agreed to cooperate in any related criminal or civil proceedings, demonstrate its implementation of controls to stop misconduct involving undeclared U.S. accounts and pay a $5.414 million penalty in return for the department’s agreement not to prosecute Finter Bank for tax-related criminal offenses.

Consequences of Finter Bank Non-Prosecution Agreement for US Taxpayers

In resolving its criminal liabilities under the program, Finter Bank encouraged U.S. accountholders to come into tax compliance and participate in the IRS Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Program. However, the taxpayers who did not listen to Finter Bank’s pleas and have not disclosed their secret Swiss accounts now face an importance consequence as a result of Finter Bank Non-Prosecution Agreement – if these taxpayers wish to enter the OVDP now, the penalty percentage has increased from 27.5 percent to 50% of the highest balance of their accounts for the past eight years.

Contact Sherayzen Law Office for Help With Disclosure of Your Foreign Bank Accounts

If you have undisclosed foreign bank accounts and any other assets, you should contact Sherayzen Law Office for professional help as soon as possible. Our legal team consists of tax professionals who specialize in offshore voluntary disclosures and have helped hundreds of US taxpayers around the world.

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Prison Sentence for Quiet Disclosure: the Kaminsky Case

On March 4, 2015, Gregg A. Kaminsky, a former UBS client, was sentenced for willfully failing to file a Foreign Bank Account Report (the “FBAR”) with the U.S. Department of Treasury in connection with his concealment of income and assets in accounts in Switzerland, Hong Kong, and Thailand over several years, as well as his failure to report certain income earned in the virtual world, “Second Life.”

“Federal tax revenue is crucial to protecting our borders; fighting terrorism, cybercrime, and other national security threats; providing disaster relief; and to performing other critical government functions,” said Acting U. S. Attorney John Horn. “This office is committed to investigating and prosecuting those who intentionally avoid paying their fair share, whether their schemes involve income earned or hidden offshore, here at home, or even in a virtual world.”

“U.S. citizens who seek to avoid their tax obligations by hiding income in undeclared bank accounts abroad should by now be fully on notice that they will be held accountable for their actions, both civilly and criminally,” stated IRS Criminal Investigation Special Agent in Charge, Veronica F. Hyman-Pillot. “Americans who file accurate, honest and timely returns can be assured that the government will hold accountable those who don’t.”

Facts of the Case

According to Acting U.S. Attorney Horn, the charges and other information presented in court:

Kaminsky was an Internet entrepreneur who served as the Chief Executive Officer of Circlenet LLC, based in Atlanta, Georgia. From 2000 through mid-2009, Kaminsky owned and controlled a foreign bank account with Union Bank of Switzerland AG (“UBS”). By 2006, Kaminsky’s UBS account held approximately $1.1 million. From time to time between 2002 and 2009, Kaminsky caused funds to be wire-transferred from his UBS account in Switzerland to other foreign bank accounts controlled by him in Thailand and Hong Kong. Also during that time, Kaminsky caused his income from at least two different U.S. companies to be direct-deposited into his UBS account in Switzerland.

Yet, over this period, Kaminsky did not disclose his UBS account or other foreign financial accounts to the U. S. Treasury Department as required, and thereby concealed several hundred thousand dollars in taxable income, interest, and dividends from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

In addition, in 2007 and 2008, Kaminsky omitted his UBS account and associated income from Free Applications for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) that he electronically filed with the U.S. Department of Education in order to qualify for need-based federal financial aid to fund his tuition for an Executive MBA program at Emory University. At the time of the FAFSA applications, Kaminsky controlled over a half million dollars in his UBS account, which would have made him ineligible for federal student loan assistance.

On June 30, 2008, the U.S. Department of Justice sought court approval to compel UBS to disclose the identities of U.S. account holders who may be using UBS accounts to hide assets overseas and thereby evade U.S. taxes. The request and the order authorizing it were widely reported by the media throughout the United States, and this coverage continued throughout 2008 and 2009 as the U.S., UBS, and Switzerland negotiated a resolution and UBS began disclosing U.S. account holders to the IRS.

Following this news, Kaminsky closed his UBS account and transferred the balance of his UBS account to an account that he controlled at HSBC Bank in Hong Kong. Further, in spring 2010, Kaminsky filed FBARs for his Swiss and Hong Kong accounts for the very first time, also filing amended individual income tax returns for 2007 and 2008 that disclosed the previously unreported income in his UBS account. However, in his amended 2007 and 2008 returns, and in his subsequently filed returns for 2009 through 2012, Kaminsky still failed to report nearly $150,000 in taxable income earned from his business activities in the virtual world, “Second Life.”

Participants in Second Life, referred to as “residents,” can engage in a wide variety of business activities, including buying, renting, and sub-leasing virtual land and buying and selling other virtual goods, services, and experiences for their “avatars.” Transactions are conducted using a virtual currency, “Linden Dollars.” Linden Dollars can be bought and traded on the “Linden Exchange,” and are redeemable for cash.

Including his virtual world income, Kaminsky failed to report over $400,000 in income to the IRS between 2000 and 2012, resulting in a loss to the IRS of approximately $125,000.

Kaminsky’s Sentence

Kaminsky was sentenced to serve four months in federal prison to be followed by two years of supervised release, two months of home confinement, and 200 hours of community service. Kaminsky was also ordered to pay restitution to the IRS in the amount of $91,983. Kaminsky was convicted on these charges on December 18, 2014, after he pleaded guilty. As part of his plea agreement with the United States, Kaminsky was also required to pay a civil penalty to the IRS in the amount of $250,635.20, which is equivalent to fifty percent of the value of the balance in Kaminsky’s HSBC account in Hong Kong as of June 30, 2009.

Lesson from the Kaminsky’s Case – the Dangers of Attempting Incomplete Quiet Disclosure

Kaminsky’s case is a good illustration of my last year’s article on the how quiet disclosure in the current enforcement environment can be a very dangerous option. Kaminsky amended two tax returns and disclosed income from his UBS account for those two years and filed the FBARs for 2009. This was a fairly standard way of doing quiet disclosure, but it could not in any form qualify as a voluntary disclosure – and Kaminsky paid dearly for this attempt.

However, there is another important lesson of Kaminsky’s case for the persons who intend to engage in a voluntary disclosure – you cannot do a partial voluntary disclosure. Kaminsky failed to report his worldwide income on his amended tax returns – he only reported income that was directly relevant to the foreign accounts. Failure to submit complete and accurate amended tax returns undoubtedly contributed to the criminal sentence in this case.

Contact Sherayzen Law Office for Help with Conducting Proper Voluntary Disclosure

If you have undisclosed foreign accounts and foreign income, contact Sherayzen Law Office for professional legal and tax help. Our international tax lawyer, Mr. Eugene Sherayzen will thoroughly analyze your case and advise you on your voluntary disclosure options. Once you choose your voluntary disclosure path, our firm will prepare all of the necessary documents and legal forms, and conduct your voluntary disclosure in a proper and expeditious manner.

We have helped hundreds of US taxpayers around the globe, and we can help you. So, Call Us Now to Schedule Your Confidential Consultation!

OVDP lawyers: Recent News Regarding the DOJ Program for Swiss Banks

For OVDP lawyers, one of the most significant recent developments in the US international tax law enforcement was the Program for Non-Prosecution Agreements or Non-Target Letters for Swiss Banks (“Program”) announced by the US Department of Justice (“DOJ”) on August 29, 2013. Since the Program began functioning, more than a hundred Swiss banks (out of the approximate total of three hundred eligible banks) elected to enter the Program.

This article will briefly highlight some recent developments concerning Swiss banks participating in the Program, as well as the likely future focus of the DOJ efforts to locate the offshore accounts of US taxpayers (an important focus for OVDP lawyers and their clients). This article is not intended to convey tax or legal advice. If you have an offshore account, you should seek the advice of a tax attorney as significant penalties may be involved. Please contact the experienced OVDP International tax firm, Sherayzen Law Office, Ltd. for professional legal and tax assistance.

OVDP Lawyers: At Least Ten Swiss Banks Have Withdrawn From the Program

It appears that some of the Swiss banks entered the Program out of pure caution. According to a recent article in the Swiss newspaper, NZZ am Sonntag, at least ten Swiss banks have withdrawn their participation in the Program. The paper, citing anonymous sources, did not specify which banks withdrew. However, the banks reportedly determined that they had not broken applicable US laws, and according to various news reports, the DOJ had no objection to the banks withdrawing from the Program.

One Swiss bank that publicly announced that it was withdrawing last month is the Liechtenstein-based private bank, VP Bank. According to a news report citing an official statement, the bank noted, “Thorough internal investigations and external expert opinions showed that the conditions for continued participation did not exist…VP Bank therefore withdrew from the U.S. programme.”

For OVDP lawyers, this maybe an important fact that may affect the voluntary disclosure strategies of their clients.

OVDP Lawyers: Many Swiss Banks May Have to Wait Until 2015 to Resolve Disputes in the Program

An important issue for the Swiss Banks and OVDP lawyers is when the DOJ will reach the final resolution under the Program. In a recent article published in the Swiss financial newspaper, finews.ch, Shelby du Pasquier, a partner at the Geneva law firm Lenz & Staehelin representing more than twenty Swiss banks enrolled in the Program, gave the opinion that for most banks enrolled, settling disputes in the Program would last until spring of 2015. He noted that this was his “personal opinion” and not the official opinion of any of the twenty (unnamed) banks he represents. In a separate news report, Boris Collardi, CEO of Julius Baer, was quoted in July of this year as stating that he expects his bank to find a “fair and equitable solution” within the next few months. Du Pasquier seconded the opinion that Julius Baer will likely be one of the next large Swiss banks to settle, along with an unnamed “smaller bank.”

Du Pasquier also opined that the US DOJ is likely to increase scrutiny of accounts in other offshore jurisdictions, especially the Bahamas, Hong Kong and Singapore, and any Swiss bank subsidiaries operating in such countries.

At Sherayzen Law Office, Mr. Sherayzen already expressed his opinion that the IRS is already in the process of widening its scope of enforcement with the particular emphasis on the Carribean region, Central America, Hong Kong, India, Singapore in addition to its already deep involvement in Israel. Mr. Sherayzen also seconded the opinion that the resolution of the issues under the Program is unlikely to be reached for most of the participants in 2014; most likely, we are looking at 2015 and maybe even 2016 for the most difficult cases.

OVDP Lawyers: Several Swiss Banks Seek More US Customers for Offshore Accounts

While most Swiss banks no longer pursue US customers desiring offshore accounts and funds because of the recent increased IRS and DOJ efforts, several Swiss banks have actually increased marketing for this customer base. The new marketing efforts are legal if such offshore funds are properly registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), or other applicable authorities.

In a recent news article in swissinfo.ch, René Marty, CEO of UBS Swiss Financial Advisers (UBS-SFA) stated, “We only accept clients who have declared all their assets.” The Swiss Bank, Vontobel, not only registered with the SEC, but also established a branch in Texas to pursue US customers.

UBS-SFA, Vontobel, and Pictet North America Advisors are the Swiss leaders in this targeted market. Furthermore, from a practical perspective, these banks may provide the only option for US persons living overseas who have declared their offshore accounts, but are unable to open accounts in various Swiss banks that now view having US customers as a stigma.

For OVDP lawyers, it is important to advise their clients that these offshore banks are likely to be subject to additional US tax reporting requirements.

Contact Sherayzen Law Office for Help with Undisclosed Foreign Accounts and Other Foreign Assets

If you have undisclosed foreign accounts, you may be running a grave risk of IRS detection and investigation due to FATCA enforcement as well as the widening scope of IRS investigations as it goes through the piles of information it collected as a result of the voluntary disclosure programs and the Swiss Program for Banks. This is why you need the help of an experienced OVDP lawyer to properly advise you with respect to your voluntary disclosure options.

We can help you as we have helped hundreds of our clients around the world. Our international tax team is highly experienced in all voluntary disclosure options involving offshore accounts and other foreign assets. Our international tax compliance team will thoroughly review your case, identify the international tax issues involved, analyze the penalty exposure and the available voluntary disclosure options, and implement the preferred voluntary disclosure plan for you (including preparation of all legal documents and tax forms).

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Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure

One of the most dramatic changes to the voluntary disclosure process made by the IRS on June 18, 2014, was the complete revamping of the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure. As long as the taxpayer can honestly certify that his prior violations of U.S. tax laws were non-willful, the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure offers a unique opportunity for such a taxpayer to bring his tax affairs with respect to foreign accounts and other offshore assets into complete compliance with the U.S. tax rules with potentially no penalties. In this article, I am going to outline the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure and discuss why it is important to take advantage of it as soon as possible.

Old Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure

The Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure already existed prior to June 18 changes. However, while it offered a no penalty solution to U.S. taxpayers residing overseas, it also imposed severe limitations preventing the great majority of these taxpayers from qualifying to participate in the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure.

The most difficult conditions were the $1,500 additional tax liability threshold and the risk assessment process (to comply with the “simple return” rule). Further complications would arise from the failure to timely file original tax returns.

2014 Changes to Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure

It is precisely these difficult requirements that were removed by the IRS in June of 2014, thereby opening up a tremendous opportunity to U.S. taxpayers residing overseas: the $1,500 tax limit was gone, the risk assessment process was gone, and the importance of timely filed U.S. tax returns was also downgraded. Instead, the IRS created a new advantageous (to U.S. taxpayers) Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure with simplified eligibility requirements.

If these requirements are met, a U.S. taxpayer residing overseas can now avoid the imposition of all FBAR penalties if he follows the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure for filing amended tax returns and delinquent FBARs.  Moreover, as an additional bonus, the IRS is stating that it will waive all failure-to-file and failure-to-pay penalties, accuracy-related penalties, and information return penalties.

There are some limitations on this generous gift. Any previously assessed penalties with respect to those years, however, will not be abated. Furthermore, as with any U.S. tax return filed in the normal course, if the IRS determines an additional tax deficiency for a return submitted under these procedures, the IRS may assert applicable additions to tax and penalties relating to that additional deficiency.

Since Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure offers such tremendous benefits to U.S. taxpayers who reside outside of the United States, it is important to make sure that all of the eligibility and filing requirements are met.

Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure: Eligibility requirements

There are three main eligibility requirements for participation in the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure. First, the taxpayer must meet the applicable non-residency requirement. Here is the first caveat, for joint return filers, both spouses must meet the applicable non-residency requirement. Different rules apply to taxpayers who are U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents than to those taxpayers who do not fall into these categories.

The second requirement of the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure is that the taxpayer violated the applicable U.S. tax requirements non-willfully – i.e. the taxpayer failed to report the income from a foreign financial asset and pay tax as required by U.S. law, and may have failed to file an FBAR (FinCEN Form 114, previously Form TD F 90-22.1) with respect to a foreign financial account, and such failures resulted from non-willful conduct.

The third requirement of the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure is that the participating taxpayer is not subject to an IRS civil examination or an IRS criminal investigation.  Two important points here – it does not matter whether the examination relates to undisclosed foreign financial assets and it does not matter whether the examination involves any of the years subject to the voluntary disclosure.  In either case,  the taxpayer will not be eligible to use the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure.

In reality, there is a more obscure fourth requirement that there is a valid Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), but this issue can be solved by enclosing a completed ITIN application with the disclosure package under the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure.

Filing Requirements Under the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure

There are five main filing requirements that must be met in order to comply with the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure.

The first filing requirement under the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure is that, for each of the most recent 3 years for which the U.S. tax return due date (or properly applied for extended due date) has passed, the taxpayer must file delinquent or amended tax returns, together with all required information returns (e.g., Forms 3520, 5471, and 8938). Specific procedures must be followed in the preparation of these returns.

The second filing requirement under the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure is that, for each of the most recent 6 years for which the FBAR due date has passed, the taxpayer must file delinquent FBARs according to the FBAR instructions and include a statement explaining that the FBARs are being filed as part of the Streamlined Filing Compliance Procedures. The taxpayer is required to file these delinquent FBARs electronically at FinCEN. Detailed instructions must be followed to file these FBARs properly.

The third filing requirement under the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure is the submission of the payment of all tax due as reflected on the tax returns and all applicable statutory interest with respect to each of the late payment amounts. The taxpayer’s TIN must be included on the check.

The fourth filing requirement under the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure is the submission of any requests for relief for failure to timely elect deferral of income from certain retirement or savings plans where deferral is permitted by an applicable treaty.  Specific additional requirements apply to this request (especially, in the Canadian RRSP context).

Finally, the fifth filing requirement under the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure is the most important part of this application – completed and signed “Certification by U.S. Person Residing Outside of the U.S.” (as of July 4, 2014, this is still in draft format but the final version should appear soon).

This is the most important legal document in the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure. This is the statement that certifies that the taxpayer: (1) is eligible for the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedures; (2) that all required FBARs have now been properly filed; and (3) that the failure to file tax returns, report all income, pay all tax, and submit all required information returns, including FBARs, resulted from non-willful conduct. I cannot emphasize enough the importance of contacting your international tax attorney prior to submitting this document to the IRS.

The taxpayer must submit the original signed statement as well as attach copies of the statement to each tax return and information return being submitted through these procedures.

Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure: Some Considerations

While participation in the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure may offer tremendous benefits to U.S. taxpayers who reside outside of the United States, it is important to understand that this may not be a simple process and all considerations should be taken into account. From the legal determination of whether the residency requirements are met to the very complicated legal decision on whether the “non-willful” determination applies, Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure involves significant legal analysis.

Based on my extensive experience, I believe that the great majority of the U.S. taxpayers who are currently not in compliance with the FBAR requirements are non-willful at heart. However, it is important to make sure that the legal case supports this finding – i.e. the facts of the case should support the determination of legal non-willfulness.

I strongly advise against making such determination without the help of an international tax lawyer. You need an attorney who can look at your case objectively and with a “cool head”, and make such determination based on his experience and knowledge of law.

Finally, it is essential to understand that there is no guarantee that Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure will be available even in half a year in the same format.  The IRS reserved the power to change the rules regarding  Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure at any point.  This is why it is so important to act fast to make sure that you are able to take advantage of this unique opportunity.

Contact Sherayzen Law Office for Professional Help with Your Participation in the Streamlined Foreign Offshore Procedure

If you have undisclosed foreign accounts, contact Sherayzen Law Office for a professional analysis of your voluntary disclosure options. Our international tax law firm has helped hundreds of U.S. taxpayers worldwide and we can help you.

Contact Us to Schedule Your Confidential Consultation!