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Alternative Minimum Tax: Basic Facts for Tax Year 2010

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Tax laws provide tax benefits for certain kinds of income and allow special deductions and credits for certain expenses. These benefits can drastically reduce some taxpayers’ tax obligations. Congress created the Alternative Minimum Tax AMT in 1969, targeting higher-income taxpayers who could claim so many deductions they owed little or no income tax. The AMT provides an alternative set of rules for calculating a taxpayer’s income tax. In general, these rules should determine the minimum amount of tax that someone with a certain amount of income should be required to pay. If a taxpayer’s regular tax falls below this minimum, he has to make up the difference by paying alternative minimum tax.

A taxpayer may have to pay the AMT if his taxable income for regular tax purposes (plus any adjustments and preference items that apply to him) are more than the AMT exemption amount.  The AMT exemption amounts are set by law for each filing status. For tax year 2010, Congress raised the AMT exemption amounts to the following levels:

$72,450 for a married couple filing a joint return and qualifying widows and  widowers;
$47,450 for singles and heads of household;
$36,225 for a married person filing separately.

The minimum AMT exemption amount for a child whose unearned income is taxed at the parents’  tax rate has increased to $6,700 for 2010.

Medical and Dental Expenses Deduction

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It may be possible for you to be able to deduct medical and dental care expenses incurred in the tax year 2010. This deduction, however, is available only if you itemize your deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040).

This deduction is allowed only for expenses primarily paid for the prevention or alleviation of a physical or mental defect or illness. Medical care expenses include payments for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or treatment affecting any structure or function of the body. The cost of drugs is deductible only for drugs that require a prescription (except insulin).

The deduction is allowed only by the amount by which your total medical care expenses for the year exceed 7.5 percent of your adjusted gross income. You can do this calculation on Form 1040, Schedule A in computing the amount deductible. The deduction is further reduced by any reimbursement (from the employer or insurance company). It makes no difference if you receive the reimbursement or if it is paid directly to the doctor or hospital.

The good news is that you may include qualified medical expenses you pay for yourself, your spouse, and your dependents, including a person you claim as a dependent under a multiple support agreement. If either parent claims a child as a dependent under the rules for divorced or separated parents, each parent may deduct the medical expenses he or she actually pays for the child. Furthermore, you can also deduct medical expenses you paid for someone who would have qualified as your dependent except that the person didn’t meet the gross income or joint return test.

You may also deduct transportation costs primarily for and essential to medical care that qualify as medical expenses. The actual fare for a taxi, bus, train, or ambulance may be deducted. If you use your car for medical transportation, you can deduct actual out-of-pocket expenses such as gas and oil, or you can deduct the standard mileage rate for medical expenses. With either method you may include tolls and parking fees.

Finally, distributions from Health Savings Accounts and withdrawals from Flexible Spending Arrangements may be tax free if you pay qualified medical expenses.

If you have any questions with respect to your tax return, contact Sherayzen Law Office NOW and discuss your case with an experienced Minneapolis tax attorney!