International Tax Attorney Minnesota Minneapolis

Subpart F Income- Traps for the Unwary

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Under the IRS “Subpart F” rules (26 USC Part III, Subpart F), certain categories of income of controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) must be included in the gross income of specified U.S. shareholders, even though the income may not have been distributed.

In this article, we will explain the basics of Subpart F income. It is not intended to constitute tax or legal advice. Subpart F income is an extremely complex area of international tax law and U.S. taxpayers may face significant tax liabilities if they do not have proper tax planning for their CFCs. It is advisable to seek an experienced attorney. Sherayzen Law Office, Ltd. can assist you in all of your tax and legal needs, and help you avoid making costly mistakes.

Subpart F Income

Subpart F income is defined in Internal Revenue Code Section 952 to include numerous categories of income of a CFC. Specifically, it consists of insurance income (as defined in IRC section 953), IRC section 954 “foreign base company income”, income as determined under IRC section 952(a)(3) (amounts subject to the International Boycott rules of IRC section 999), illegal bribes, kickbacks, or other payments unlawful under the Foreign corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and income derived from any foreign country when IRC section 901(j) applies to such country.

Foreign base company income is comprised of the following items: foreign personal holding company income, foreign base company sales income, foreign base company services income, foreign base company shipping income, and foreign base company oil-related income.

Let’s analyze in slightly more detail one of the most common types of subpart F income for U.S. shareholders of a CFC- foreign personal holding company income.

Foreign Personal Holding Company Income

In general, foreign personal holding company income (FPHCI) includes the following items: dividends (or payments in lieu of dividends), rents, royalties, annuities, interest (and income equivalent to interest); net gains from the sale and exchange of certain properties (including gains from the sale or other disposition of any interest in a partnership or trust); gains from commodities transactions; net currency gains from nonfunctional transactions; and income from notional principal contracts.

Certain specific items are excluded from being treated as FPHCI. For example, dividends and interest received may be excluded if they are received from corporations that are related persons and organized in the same country with a substantial part of assets (more than 50 percent) used in its trade or business in that country. Another set of importance exclusions includes: rents and royalties received from unrelated persons in the ordinary conduct of business of the CFC or from related persons for use of property in country of organization; gains from the sale or exchange of inventory; dealer property; property that gives rise to active rent or royalty income; and property that was used in the CFC’s trade or business. In general, exclusions also exist for various insurance and banking business-related activities.

De Minimis Exclusion of Subpart F Income

IRC Section 954 sets forth the de minimis rule for exclusion of Subpart F income. This rule excludes all gross income for the taxable year from being treated as foreign base company income or insurance income if the sum of the CFC’s gross foreign base company income and gross insurance income is less than the lower of 5% of gross income or $1 million. On the other hand, it should be noted that, if the sum of foreign base company income and gross insurance income for the taxable year exceeds 70 percent of gross income, subject to certain provisions, then the entire gross income of the CFC will be treated as foreign base company income or insurance income.

Contact Sherayzen Law Office for Help With Subpart F International Tax Issues

If you own a foreign corporation, you may be subject to Subpart F rules with complex compliance tax issues. These issues are so complex that you should approach them only with an experienced tax professional.

Our international tax firm is highly experienced in dealing with Controlled Foreign Corporations and Subpart F issues. Contact Sherayzen Law Office for professional help with Subpart F tax compliance and tax planning.

IRS Issue Statistics for CFC Holdings; Importance of Form 5471 Grows

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On March 6, 2013, the IRS issued statistics for the tax year 2008 with respect to foreign corporations controlled by U.S. corporations. These statistics emphasize the important growth in controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) and Form 5471.

IRS Statistics Published in Statics of Income Bulletin (Winter 2013)

In the tax year 2008, some 83,642 foreign corporations controlled by U.S. multinational corporations held $14.5 trillion in assets and reported receipts of $6.0 trillion. These controlled foreign corporations (CFCs) paid $125.2 billion in income taxes on $662.0 billion of earnings and profits (less deficit) before income taxes (“E&P”). Both CFC assets and receipts increased slightly more than 24 percent from tax year 2006, while “E&P” and foreign taxes income taxes paid increased by nearly 30 percent.

For the tax year 2008, these same CFCs were incorporated in 188 different countries (based on unpublished data). More than 42 percent, or 35,856, of these CFCs were incorporated in Europe. Nearly 91 percent of the European CFCs were located in European Union countries.

Almost 79 percent, or 65,740, of CFCs for Tax Year 2008 were concentrated in three major industrial sectors: (1) services; (2) goods production; and (3) distribution and transportation of goods. These three industrial sectors accounted for 81.2 percent of total receipts ($4.9 trillion), 74.9 percent of E&P (less deficit) before income taxes ($496.0 billion), and 57.5 percent of income taxes ($72.0 billion).

Furthermore, for the tax year 2008, controlled foreign corporations were tax owners of 17,548 foreign disregarded entities (FDEs). These foreign disregarded entities reported $4.9 trillion in assets and $230.1 billion in E&P (less deficit) after taxes.

Statistics Demonstrate the Continuous Growth of CFCs and Importance of Form 5471

The IRS statistics confirmed what is already well-known – with growing globalization, the importance of CFCs is increasing with each year. This further means that Form 5471 is also increasing in its importance for the IRS, which is already stepping up the enforcement of compliance with Form 5471 requirements.

Form 5471 is used by the IRS to satisfy the informational reporting requirements of 26 U.S.C. § 6038 (“Information reporting with respect to certain foreign corporations and partnerships”) and 26 U.S.C. § 6046 (“Returns as to organization or reorganization of foreign corporations and as to acquisitions of their stock”). It must be filed by certain U.S. citizens and residents who are officers, directors, or shareholders in specified foreign corporations, if various requirements are met. The penalties can be steep, so compliance with the reporting rules is crucial.

Contact Sherayzen Law Office for Help With Form 5471

If you own foreign corporations, you may need to comply with Form 5471 requirements. This is why you need to contact Sherayzen Law Office to schedule a consultation. Our international tax firm is highly experienced in dealing with Forms 5471 and we can help you comply with its requirements. If you are delinquent in your 5471 compliance, we can also advise you with respect to your voluntary disclosure options.

FATCA at Home: Crackdown on Foreigners’ Accounts in U.S. banks

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As the IRS engages in negotiations with foreign governments to implement FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) overseas, there is a rising pressure from some countries for reciprocity – the implementation of FATCA-like disclosure of foreign clients’ U.S. accounts to those clients’ home governments.

FATCA Background

FATCA was enacted in 2010 and set to begin taking effect at the end of 2013. FATCA is the mother of many new international tax requirements. One of the most unique features of FATCA (and most relevant for the purposes of this article) is requiring foreign banks to disclose information about the accounts of U.S. persons to the IRS. The goal of this provision is, of course, to expose U.S. persons who are trying to avoid the payment of U.S. taxes through undisclosed offshore accounts.

IRS Engages In Negotiations With Foreign Governments to Implement FATCA

In order to effectively implement FATCA requirements, the Department of the Treasury has to secure the cooperation of foreign governments (especially since disclosure of information required by FATCA may constitute a violation of some countries’ privacy laws). This is why the IRS is engaged in negotiations with a broad range of foreign governments (actually, over 50 foreign jurisdictions) to implement the information reporting and withholding tax provisions of FATCA.

The Department of the Treasury pursues the policy of concluding a series of bilateral tax agreements based on the model treaty developed by the Treasury.

The Treasury Department has already concluded a bilateral agreement with the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark and Mexico. Additional jurisdictions with which Treasury is in the process of finalizing an intergovernmental agreement and with which Treasury hopes to conclude negotiations by year end include: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan, Switzerland, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Guernsey, Ireland, Isle of Man, Jersey, Mexico, the Netherlands, and Norway.

Jurisdictions with which Treasury is actively engaged in a dialogue towards concluding an intergovernmental agreement include: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, the Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Israel, Korea, Liechtenstein, Malaysia, Malta, New Zealand, the Slovak Republic, Singapore, and Sweden. Treasury expects to be able to conclude negotiations with several of these jurisdictions by year end.

The jurisdictions with which Treasury is working to explore options for intergovernmental engagement include: Bermuda, Brazil, the British Virgin Islands, Chile, the Czech Republic, Gibraltar, India, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Romania, Russia, Seychelles, Sint Maarten, Slovenia, and South Africa.

Push for Reciprocity from Foreign Governments

As the implementation of FATCA begins, however, the ancient Roman principle of “quid pro quo” seems to have become the theme of the IRS negotiations with foreign governments. It appears that some countries, possibly including France, Germany and China, are demanding reciprocity in the disclosure – i.e. if their banks have to disclose to the IRS the foreign accounts of U.S. persons, then U.S. banks should also disclose U.S. accounts of foreign nationals.

U.S. Positively Responds to Reciprocity Requests

It appears that the general trend in the Obama administration is to agree with the foreign governments and engage in partial or even full reciprocity. The Department of the Treasure spokesman stated that: “the United States is committed to a policy of transparency and equivalence, where appropriate, in furtherance of international cooperation to combat offshore tax evasion.”

Actually, according to an October 2012 letter to members of Congress from the Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy, Mark Mazur, the completed FATCA pacts already include commitments “to pursue equivalent levels of reciprocal automatic exchange in the future.” Moreover, the United States appears to have already shared some taxpayer information with foreign countries with which it has a tax treaty or a formal information-sharing agreement. The IRS this year started disclosing to some foreign governments information about bank interest payments earned by their citizens with U.S. bank accounts.

Mexican Nationals Maybe Impacted First, but Europeans May Follow Soon

Despite the impression that reciprocity is mainly a demand of the European government, it appears that Mexican nationals may be the first to feel the impact of disclosure, especially since, as mentioned above, the IRS already started disclosing bank interest payments to some foreign governments, including possibly Mexico.

However, while Mexicans may be the first affected by the reciprocity disclosures, it appears that it will be only a matter of time before the European nationals will be affected. This particularly concerns the French and German nationals.

FBAR Filing: FinCEN’s Third Extension for Certain Signatory Authority Filers

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In FinCEN Notice 2012-2, the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) announced a third extension of time for certain Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR) filings in light of ongoing consideration of questions regarding the filing requirement and its application to individuals with signature authority over but no financial interest in certain types of accounts. The new extended deadline is set for June 30, 2014.

This extended filing deadline applies only to the following classes of individuals:

1). An employee or officer of a covered entity (see 31 C.F.R. § 1010.350(f)(2)(i)-(v)) who has signature or other authority over and no financial interest in a foreign financial account of another entity more than 50 percent owned, directly or indirectly, by the entity (a “controlled person”). For this purpose, a “controlled person” is a U.S. or foreign entity that is more than 50% owned (directly or indirectly) by an excepted entity.
2). An employee or officer of a controlled person of a covered entity (see 31 C.F.R. § 1010.350(f)(2)(i)-(v)) who has signature or other authority over and no financial interest in a foreign financial account of the entity or another controlled person of the entity.
3). An employee or officer of an investment advisor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission who has signature or other authority over and no financial interest in a foreign financial account of persons that are not investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Notice that categories 1 and 2 do not apply to companies that are not publicly traded or not SEC-registrants.

This extension comes after a series of earlier extensions by FinCEN. On February 14, 2012, FinCEN issued Notice 2012-1 to extend the filing date for FinCEN Form 114 Formerly TD F 90-22.1, FBAR, for certain individuals with signature authority over but no financial interest in one or more foreign financial accounts to June 30, 2013. This Notice was preceded by two earlier extensions: on May 31, 2011, FinCEN issued Notice 2011-1 (revised on June 2, 2011) to extend to June 30, 2012, the due date for filing the FBAR for certain individuals with signature authority over but no financial interest in one or more foreign financial accounts, specifically individuals whose FBAR filing requirements may be affected by the signature authority filing exceptions in 31 CFR § 1010.350(f)(2)(i)-(v). On June 17, 2011, FinCEN issued Notice 2011-2 similarly extending the FBAR filing due date to June 30, 2012, for certain employees or officers of investment advisers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission who have signature authority over but no financial interest in certain foreign financial accounts.

The extension contained in FinCEN Notice 2012-2 is the third filing extension for individuals with signature authority over but no financial interest in certain types of accounts. It covers not only the reporting of signature authority held by such persons for 2012, but also for all other years for which filing was previously extended to June 30, 2012, under FinCEN Notices 2011-1 and 2011-2.

It is important to note, however, that all other taxpayers who are required to file an FBAR must still do so by June 30, 2013.